Signal processing

In signal processing, information is extracted from pre-processed signals in order to draw the right conclusions based on this information. A distinction is made between analog and digital signal processing.
Filters are common tools in both analog and digital signal processing. A signal is processed in such a way that unwanted signal components are filtered out.
In digital signal processing, ‘Fourier transforms’ – usually just called FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) – are very common. Fourier transforms are used to break down discrete signals, which are usually time-based, into their frequency components. Signals in the frequency range are often easier to analyze.
See also Wikipedia.